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Diffstat (limited to 'flow/gsl/gslmath.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | flow/gsl/gslmath.c | 1085 |
1 files changed, 1085 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/flow/gsl/gslmath.c b/flow/gsl/gslmath.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97ac675 --- /dev/null +++ b/flow/gsl/gslmath.c @@ -0,0 +1,1085 @@ +/* GSL - Generic Sound Layer + * Copyright (C) 2001 Stefan Westerfeld and Tim Janik + * + * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public + * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either + * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + * + * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + * Lesser General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General + * Public License along with this library; if not, write to the + * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, + * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + */ +#include "gslmath.h" + +#include <string.h> +#include <stdio.h> + + +#define RING_BUFFER_LENGTH (16) +#define PRINTF_DIGITS "1270" +#define FLOAT_STRING_SIZE (2048) + + +/* factorization constants: 2^(1/12), ln(2^(1/12)) and 2^(1/(12*6)) + * retrived with: + #include <stl.h> + #include <complex.h> + typedef long double ld; + + int main (void) + { + ld r, l; + + cout.precision(256); + + r = pow ((ld) 2, (ld) 1 / (ld) 12); + cout << "2^(1/12) =\n"; + cout << "2^" << (ld) 1 / (ld) 12 << " =\n"; + cout << r << "\n"; + + l = log (r); + cout << "ln(2^(1/12)) =\n"; + cout << "ln(" << r << ") =\n"; + cout << l << "\n"; + + r = pow ((ld) 2, (ld) 1 / (ld) 72); + cout << "2^(1/72) =\n"; + cout << "2^" << (ld) 1 / (ld) 72 << " =\n"; + cout << r << "\n"; + + return 0; + } +*/ + + +/* --- prototypes --- */ +static void zrhqr (double a[], int m, double rtr[], double rti[]); +static double rf (double x, double y, double z); +static double ellf (double phi, double ak); +static void sncndn (double uu, double emmc, double *sn_p, double *cn_p, double *dn_p); +static void sncndnC (GslComplex uu, GslComplex emmc, GslComplex *sn_p, GslComplex *cn_p, GslComplex *dn_p); +static GslComplex rfC (GslComplex x, GslComplex y, GslComplex z); + + +/* --- functions --- */ +static inline char* +pretty_print_double (char *str, + double d) +{ + char *s= str; + + sprintf (s, "%."PRINTF_DIGITS"f", d); + while (*s) s++; + while (s[-1] == '0' && s[-2] != '.') + s--; + *s = 0; + return s; +} + +char* +gsl_complex_list (unsigned int n_points, + GslComplex *points, + const char *indent) +{ + static unsigned int rbi = 0; + static char* rbuffer[RING_BUFFER_LENGTH] = { NULL, }; + char *s, *tbuffer = g_newa (char, (FLOAT_STRING_SIZE * 2 * n_points)); + unsigned int i; + + rbi++; if (rbi >= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH) rbi -= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH; + if (rbuffer[rbi] != NULL) + g_free (rbuffer[rbi]); + s = tbuffer; + for (i = 0; i < n_points; i++) + { + *s = 0; + if (indent) + strcat (s, indent); + while (*s) s++; + s = pretty_print_double (s, points[i].re); + *s++ = ' '; + s = pretty_print_double (s, points[i].im); + *s++ = '\n'; + } + *s++ = 0; + rbuffer[rbi] = g_strdup (tbuffer); + return rbuffer[rbi]; +} + +char* +gsl_complex_str (GslComplex c) +{ + static unsigned int rbi = 0; + static char* rbuffer[RING_BUFFER_LENGTH] = { NULL, }; + char *s, tbuffer[FLOAT_STRING_SIZE * 2]; + + rbi++; if (rbi >= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH) rbi -= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH; + if (rbuffer[rbi] != NULL) + g_free (rbuffer[rbi]); + s = tbuffer; + *s++ = '{'; + s = pretty_print_double (s, c.re); + *s++ = ','; + *s++ = ' '; + s = pretty_print_double (s, c.im); + *s++ = '}'; + *s++ = 0; + rbuffer[rbi] = g_strdup (tbuffer); + return rbuffer[rbi]; +} + +char* +gsl_poly_str (unsigned int degree, + double *a, + const char *var) +{ + static unsigned int rbi = 0; + static char* rbuffer[RING_BUFFER_LENGTH] = { NULL, }; + char *s, *tbuffer = g_newa (char, degree * FLOAT_STRING_SIZE); + unsigned int i; + + if (!var) + var = "x"; + rbi++; if (rbi >= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH) rbi -= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH; + if (rbuffer[rbi] != NULL) + g_free (rbuffer[rbi]); + s = tbuffer; + *s++ = '('; + s = pretty_print_double (s, a[0]); + for (i = 1; i <= degree; i++) + { + *s++ = '+'; + *s = 0; strcat (s, var); while (*s) s++; + *s++ = '*'; + *s++ = '('; + s = pretty_print_double (s, a[i]); + } + while (i--) + *s++ = ')'; + *s++ = 0; + rbuffer[rbi] = g_strdup (tbuffer); + return rbuffer[rbi]; +} + +char* +gsl_poly_str1 (unsigned int degree, + double *a, + const char *var) +{ + static unsigned int rbi = 0; + static char* rbuffer[RING_BUFFER_LENGTH] = { NULL, }; + char *s, *tbuffer = g_newa (char, degree * FLOAT_STRING_SIZE); + unsigned int i, need_plus = 0; + + if (!var) + var = "x"; + rbi++; if (rbi >= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH) rbi -= RING_BUFFER_LENGTH; + if (rbuffer[rbi] != NULL) + g_free (rbuffer[rbi]); + s = tbuffer; + *s++ = '('; + if (a[0] != 0.0) + { + s = pretty_print_double (s, a[0]); + need_plus = 1; + } + for (i = 1; i <= degree; i++) + { + if (a[i] == 0.0) + continue; + if (need_plus) + { + *s++ = ' '; + *s++ = '+'; + *s++ = ' '; + } + if (a[i] != 1.0) + { + s = pretty_print_double (s, a[i]); + *s++ = '*'; + } + *s = 0; + strcat (s, var); + while (*s) s++; + if (i > 1) + { + *s++ = '*'; + *s++ = '*'; + sprintf (s, "%u", i); + while (*s) s++; + } + need_plus = 1; + } + *s++ = ')'; + *s++ = 0; + rbuffer[rbi] = g_strdup (tbuffer); + return rbuffer[rbi]; +} + +void +gsl_complex_gnuplot (const char *file_name, + unsigned int n_points, + GslComplex *points) +{ + FILE *fout = fopen (file_name, "w"); + + fputs (gsl_complex_list (n_points, points, ""), fout); + fclose (fout); +} + +double +gsl_temp_freq (double kammer_freq, + int halftone_delta) +{ + double factor; + + factor = pow (GSL_2_POW_1_DIV_12, halftone_delta); + + return kammer_freq * factor; +} + +void +gsl_poly_from_re_roots (unsigned int degree, + double *a, + GslComplex *roots) +{ + unsigned int i; + + /* initialize polynomial */ + a[1] = 1; + a[0] = -roots[0].re; + /* monomial factor multiplication */ + for (i = 1; i < degree; i++) + { + unsigned int j; + + a[i + 1] = a[i]; + for (j = i; j >= 1; j--) + a[j] = a[j - 1] - a[j] * roots[i].re; + a[0] *= -roots[i].re; + } +} + +void +gsl_cpoly_from_roots (unsigned int degree, + GslComplex *c, + GslComplex *roots) +{ + unsigned int i; + + /* initialize polynomial */ + c[1].re = 1; + c[1].im = 0; + c[0].re = -roots[0].re; + c[0].im = -roots[0].im; + /* monomial factor multiplication */ + for (i = 1; i < degree; i++) + { + GslComplex r = gsl_complex (-roots[i].re, -roots[i].im); + unsigned int j; + + c[i + 1] = c[i]; + for (j = i; j >= 1; j--) + c[j] = gsl_complex_add (c[j - 1], gsl_complex_mul (c[j], r)); + c[0] = gsl_complex_mul (c[0], r); + } +} + +void +gsl_poly_complex_roots (unsigned int degree, + double *a, /* [0..degree] (degree+1 elements) */ + GslComplex *roots) /* [degree] */ +{ + double *roots_re = g_newa (double, 1 + degree); + double *roots_im = g_newa (double, 1 + degree); + unsigned int i; + + zrhqr (a, degree, roots_re, roots_im); + for (i = 0; i < degree; i++) + { + roots[i].re = roots_re[1 + i]; + roots[i].im = roots_im[1 + i]; + } +} + +double +gsl_ellip_rf (double x, + double y, + double z) +{ + return rf (x, y, z); +} + +double +gsl_ellip_F (double phi, + double ak) +{ + return ellf (phi, ak); +} + +double +gsl_ellip_sn (double u, + double emmc) +{ + double sn; + + sncndn (u, emmc, &sn, NULL, NULL); + return sn; +} + +double +gsl_ellip_asn (double y, + double emmc) +{ + return y * rf (1.0 - y * y, 1.0 - y * y * (1.0 - emmc), 1.0); +} + +GslComplex +gsl_complex_ellip_asn (GslComplex y, + GslComplex emmc) +{ + return gsl_complex_mul (y, + rfC (gsl_complex_sub (gsl_complex (1.0, 0), + gsl_complex_mul (y, y)), + gsl_complex_sub (gsl_complex (1.0, 0), + gsl_complex_mul3 (y, y, gsl_complex_sub (gsl_complex (1.0, 0), + emmc))), + gsl_complex (1.0, 0))); +} + +GslComplex +gsl_complex_ellip_sn (GslComplex u, + GslComplex emmc) +{ + GslComplex sn; + + sncndnC (u, emmc, &sn, NULL, NULL); + return sn; +} + +double +gsl_bit_depth_epsilon (guint n_bits) +{ + /* epsilon for various bit depths, based on significance of one bit, + * minus fudge. created with: + * { echo "scale=40"; for i in `seq 1 32` ; do echo "1/2^$i - 10^-($i+1)" ; done } | bc | sed 's/$/,/' + */ + static const double bit_epsilons[] = { + .4900000000000000000000000000000000000000, + .2490000000000000000000000000000000000000, + .1249000000000000000000000000000000000000, + .0624900000000000000000000000000000000000, + .0312490000000000000000000000000000000000, + .0156249000000000000000000000000000000000, + .0078124900000000000000000000000000000000, + .0039062490000000000000000000000000000000, + .0019531249000000000000000000000000000000, + .0009765624900000000000000000000000000000, + .0004882812490000000000000000000000000000, + .0002441406249000000000000000000000000000, + .0001220703124900000000000000000000000000, + .0000610351562490000000000000000000000000, + .0000305175781249000000000000000000000000, + .0000152587890624900000000000000000000000, + .0000076293945312490000000000000000000000, + .0000038146972656249000000000000000000000, + .0000019073486328124900000000000000000000, + .0000009536743164062490000000000000000000, + .0000004768371582031249000000000000000000, + .0000002384185791015624900000000000000000, + .0000001192092895507812490000000000000000, + .0000000596046447753906249000000000000000, + .0000000298023223876953124900000000000000, + .0000000149011611938476562490000000000000, + .0000000074505805969238281249000000000000, + .0000000037252902984619140624900000000000, + .0000000018626451492309570312490000000000, + .0000000009313225746154785156249000000000, + .0000000004656612873077392578124900000000, + .0000000002328306436538696289062490000000, + }; + + return bit_epsilons[CLAMP (n_bits, 1, 32) - 1]; +} + + +/* --- Numerical Receipes --- */ +#define gsl_complex_rmul(scale, c) gsl_complex_scale (c, scale) +#define ONE gsl_complex (1.0, 0) +#define SIGN(a,b) ((b) >= 0.0 ? fabs (a) : -fabs(a)) +static inline int IMAX (int i1, int i2) { return i1 > i2 ? i1 : i2; } +static inline double DMIN (double d1, double d2) { return d1 < d2 ? d1 : d2; } +static inline double DMAX (double d1, double d2) { return d1 > d2 ? d1 : d2; } +static inline double DSQR (double d) { return d == 0.0 ? 0.0 : d * d; } +#define nrerror(error) g_error ("NR-ERROR: %s", (error)) +static inline double* vector (long nl, long nh) + /* allocate a vector with subscript range v[nl..nh] */ +{ + double *v = g_new (double, nh - nl + 1 + 1); + return v - nl + 1; +} +static inline void free_vector (double *v, long nl, long nh) +{ + g_free (v + nl - 1); +} +static inline double** matrix (long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) + /* allocate a matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ +{ + long i, nrow = nrh - nrl + 1, ncol = nch - ncl + 1; + double **m = g_new (double*, nrow + 1); + m += 1; + m -= nrl; + m[nrl] = g_new (double, nrow * ncol + 1); + m[nrl] += 1; + m[nrl] -= ncl; + for (i = nrl + 1; i <= nrh; i++) + m[i] = m[i - 1] + ncol; + return m; +} +static inline void free_matrix (double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) +{ + g_free (m[nrl] + ncl - 1); + g_free (m + nrl - 1); +} + +static void +poldiv (double u[], int n, double v[], int nv, double q[], double r[]) + /* Given the n+1 coefficients of a polynomial of degree n in u[0..n], and the nv+1 coefficients + of another polynomial of degree nv in v[0..nv], divide the polynomial u by the polynomial + v ("u"/"v") giving a quotient polynomial whose coefficients are returned in q[0..n], and a + remainder polynomial whose coefficients are returned in r[0..n]. The elements r[nv..n] + and q[n-nv+1..n] are returned as zero. */ +{ + int k,j; + + for (j=0;j<=n;j++) { + r[j]=u[j]; + q[j]=0.0; + }for (k=n-nv;k>=0;k--) { + q[k]=r[nv+k]/v[nv]; + for (j=nv+k-1;j>=k;j--) r[j] -= q[k]*v[j-k]; + }for (j=nv;j<=n;j++) r[j]=0.0; +} + +#define MAX_ITER_BASE 9 /* TIMJ: was 3 */ +#define MAX_ITER_FAC 20 /* TIMJ: was 10 */ +static void +hqr (double **a, int n, double wr[], double wi[]) + /* Finds all eigenvalues of an upper Hessenberg matrix a[1..n][1..n]. On input a can be + exactly as output from elmhes �11.5; on output it is destroyed. The real and imaginary parts + of the eigenvalues are returned in wr[1..n] and wi[1..n], respectively. */ +{ + int nn,m,l,k,j,its,i,mmin; + double z,y,x,w,v,u,t,s,r,q,p,anorm; + r=q=p=0; /* TIMJ: silence compiler */ + + anorm=0.0; /* Compute matrix norm for possible use in lo- */ + for (i=1;i<=n;i++) /* cating single small subdiagonal element. */ + for (j=IMAX (i-1,1);j<=n;j++) + anorm += fabs (a[i][j]); + nn=n; + t=0.0; /* Gets changed only by an exceptional shift. */ + while (nn >= 1) { /* Begin search for next eigenvalue. */ + its=0; + do {for (l=nn;l>=2;l--) { /* Begin iteration: look for single small subdi- */ + s=fabs (a[l-1][l-1])+fabs (a[l][l]); /* agonal element. */ + if (s == 0.0) s=anorm; + if ((double)(fabs (a[l][l-1]) + s) == s) break; + } + x=a[nn][nn]; + if (l == nn) { /* One root found. */ + wr[nn]=x+t; + wi[nn--]=0.0; + } else { + y=a[nn-1][nn-1]; + w=a[nn][nn-1]*a[nn-1][nn]; + if (l == (nn-1)) { /* Two roots found... */ + p=0.5*(y-x); + q=p*p+w; + z=sqrt (fabs (q)); + x += t; + if (q >= 0.0) { /* ...a real pair. */ + z=p+SIGN (z,p); + wr[nn-1]=wr[nn]=x+z; + if (z) wr[nn]=x-w/z; + wi[nn-1]=wi[nn]=0.0; + } else { /* ...a complex pair. */ + wr[nn-1]=wr[nn]=x+p; + wi[nn-1]= -(wi[nn]=z); + } + nn -= 2; + } else { /* No roots found. Continue iteration. */ + if (its == MAX_ITER_BASE * MAX_ITER_FAC) + nrerror ("Too many iterations in hqr"); + if (its && !(its%MAX_ITER_FAC)) { /* Form exceptional shift. */ + t += x; + for (i=1;i<=nn;i++) a[i][i] -= x; + s=fabs (a[nn][nn-1])+fabs (a[nn-1][nn-2]); + y=x=0.75*s; + w = -0.4375*s*s; + } + ++its; + for (m=(nn-2);m>=l;m--) { /* Form shift and then look for */ + z=a[m][m]; /* 2 consecutive small sub- */ + r=x-z; /* diagonal elements. */ + s=y-z; + p=(r*s-w)/a[m+1][m]+a[m][m+1]; /* Equation (11.6.23). */ + q=a[m+1][m+1]-z-r-s; + r=a[m+2][m+1]; + s=fabs (p)+fabs (q)+fabs (r); /* Scale to prevent overflow or */ + p /= s; /* underflow. */ + q /= s; + r /= s; + if (m == l) break; + u=fabs (a[m][m-1])*(fabs (q)+fabs (r)); + v=fabs (p)*(fabs (a[m-1][m-1])+fabs (z)+fabs (a[m+1][m+1])); + if ((double)(u+v) == v) + break; /* Equation (11.6.26). */ + } + for (i=m+2;i<=nn;i++) { + a[i][i-2]=0.0; + if (i != (m+2)) + a[i][i-3]=0.0; + } + for (k=m;k<=nn-1;k++) { + /* Double QR step on rows l to nn and columns m to nn. */ + if (k != m) { + p=a[k][k-1]; /* Begin setup of Householder */ + q=a[k+1][k-1]; /* vector. */ + r=0.0; + if (k != (nn-1)) r=a[k+2][k-1]; + if ((x=fabs (p)+fabs (q)+fabs (r)) != 0.0) { + p /= x; /* Scale to prevent overflow or */ + q /= x; /* underflow. */ + r /= x; + } + } + if ((s=SIGN (sqrt (p*p+q*q+r*r),p)) != 0.0) { + if (k == m) { + if (l != m) + a[k][k-1] = -a[k][k-1]; + } else + a[k][k-1] = -s*x; + p += s; /* Equations (11.6.24). */ + x=p/s; + y=q/s; + z=r/s; + q /= p; + r /= p; + for (j=k;j<=nn;j++) { /* Row modification. */ + p=a[k][j]+q*a[k+1][j]; + if (k != (nn-1)) { + p += r*a[k+2][j]; + a[k+2][j] -= p*z; + } + a[k+1][j] -= p*y; + a[k][j] -= p*x; + } + mmin = nn<k+3 ? nn : k+3; + for (i=l;i<=mmin;i++) { /* Column modification. */ + p=x*a[i][k]+y*a[i][k+1]; + if (k != (nn-1)) { + p += z*a[i][k+2]; + a[i][k+2] -= p*r; + }a[i][k+1] -= p*q; + a[i][k] -= p; + } + } + } + } + } + } while (l < nn-1); + } +} + +#define RADIX 2.0 +static void +balanc (double **a, int n) + /* Given a matrix a[1..n][1..n], this routine replaces it by a balanced matrix with identical + eigenvalues. A symmetric matrix is already balanced and is unaffected by this procedure. The + parameter RADIX should be the machine's floating-point radix. */ +{ + int last,j,i; + double s,r,g,f,c,sqrdx; + + sqrdx=RADIX*RADIX; + last=0; + while (last == 0) { + last=1; + for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* Calculate row and column norms. */ + r=c=0.0; + for (j=1;j<=n;j++) + if (j != i) { + c += fabs (a[j][i]); + r += fabs (a[i][j]); + } + if (c && r) { /* If both are nonzero, */ + g=r/RADIX; + f=1.0; + s=c+r; + while (c<g) { /* find the integer power of the machine radix that */ + f *= RADIX; /* comes closest to balancing the matrix. */ + c *= sqrdx; + } + g=r*RADIX; + while (c>g) { + f /= RADIX; + c /= sqrdx; + } + if ((c+r)/f < 0.95*s) { + last=0; + g=1.0/f; + for (j=1;j<=n;j++) + a[i][j] *= g; /* Apply similarity transformation */ + for (j=1;j<=n;j++) a[j][i] *= f; + } + } + } + } +} + +#define MAX_DEGREE 50 + +static void +zrhqr (double a[], int m, double rtr[], double rti[]) + /* Find all the roots of a polynomial with real coefficients, E(i=0..m) a(i)x^i, given the degree m + and the coefficients a[0..m]. The method is to construct an upper Hessenberg matrix whose + eigenvalues are the desired roots, and then use the routines balanc and hqr. The real and + imaginary parts of the roots are returned in rtr[1..m] and rti[1..m], respectively. */ +{ + int j,k; + double **hess,xr,xi; + + hess=matrix (1,MAX_DEGREE,1,MAX_DEGREE); + if (m > MAX_DEGREE || a[m] == 0.0 || /* TIMJ: */ fabs (a[m]) < 1e-15 ) + nrerror ("bad args in zrhqr"); + for (k=1;k<=m;k++) /* Construct the matrix. */ + { + hess[1][k] = -a[m-k]/a[m]; + for (j=2;j<=m;j++) + hess[j][k]=0.0; + if (k != m) + hess[k+1][k]=1.0; + } + balanc (hess,m); /* Find its eigenvalues. */ + hqr (hess,m,rtr,rti); + if (0) /* TIMJ: don't need sorting */ + for (j=2;j<=m;j++) + { /* Sort roots by their real parts by straight insertion. */ + xr=rtr[j]; + xi=rti[j]; + for (k=j-1;k>=1;k--) + { + if (rtr[k] <= xr) + break; + rtr[k+1]=rtr[k]; + rti[k+1]=rti[k]; + } + rtr[k+1]=xr; + rti[k+1]=xi; + } + free_matrix (hess,1,MAX_DEGREE,1,MAX_DEGREE); +} + + +#define EPSS 2.0e-16 /* TIMJ, was(float): 1.0e-7 */ +#define MR 8 +#define MT 100 /* TIMJ: was: 10 */ +#define MAXIT (MT*MR) +/* Here EPSS is the estimated fractional roundoff error. We try to break (rare) limit cycles with + MR different fractional values, once every MT steps, for MAXIT total allowed iterations. */ + +static void +laguer (GslComplex a[], int m, GslComplex *x, int *its) + /* Given the degree m and the m+1 complex coefficients a[0..m] of the polynomial mi=0 a[i]xi, + and given a complex value x, this routine improves x by Laguerre's method until it converges, + within the achievable roundoff limit, to a root of the given polynomial. The number of iterations + taken is returned as its. */ +{ + int iter,j; + double abx,abp,abm,err; + GslComplex dx,x1,b,d,f,g,h,sq,gp,gm,g2; + static double frac[MR+1] = {0.0,0.5,0.25,0.75,0.13,0.38,0.62,0.88,1.0}; + /* Fractions used to break a limit cycle. */ + + for (iter=1;iter<=MAXIT;iter++) + { /* Loop over iterations up to allowed maximum. */ + *its=iter; + b=a[m]; + err=gsl_complex_abs (b); + d=f=gsl_complex (0.0,0.0); + abx=gsl_complex_abs (*x); + for (j=m-1;j>=0;j--) + { /* Efficient computation of the polynomial and */ + f=gsl_complex_add (gsl_complex_mul (*x,f),d); /* its first two derivatives. */ + d=gsl_complex_add (gsl_complex_mul (*x,d),b); + b=gsl_complex_add (gsl_complex_mul (*x,b),a[j]); + err=gsl_complex_abs (b)+abx*err; + } + err *= EPSS; + /* Estimate of roundoff error in evaluating polynomial. */ + if (gsl_complex_abs (b) <= err) + return; /* We are on the root. */ + g=gsl_complex_div (d,b); /* The generic case: use Laguerre's formula. */ + g2=gsl_complex_mul (g,g); + h=gsl_complex_sub (g2,gsl_complex_rmul (2.0,gsl_complex_div (f,b))); + sq=gsl_complex_sqrt (gsl_complex_rmul ((double) (m-1),gsl_complex_sub (gsl_complex_rmul ((double) m,h),g2))); + gp=gsl_complex_add (g,sq); + gm=gsl_complex_sub (g,sq); + abp=gsl_complex_abs (gp); + abm=gsl_complex_abs (gm); + if (abp < abm) + gp=gm; + dx=((DMAX (abp,abm) > 0.0 ? gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex ((double) m,0.0),gp) + : gsl_complex_rmul (1+abx,gsl_complex (cos ((double)iter),sin ((double)iter))))); + x1=gsl_complex_sub (*x,dx); + if (x->re == x1.re && x->im == x1.im) + return; /* Converged. */ + if (iter % MT) *x=x1; + else *x=gsl_complex_sub (*x,gsl_complex_rmul (frac[iter/MT],dx)); + /* Every so often we take a fractional step, to break any limit cycle (itself a rare occurrence). */ + } + nrerror ("too many iterations in laguer"); + /* Very unusual - can occur only for complex roots. Try a different starting guess for the root. */ +} + +/* Here is a driver routine that calls laguer in succession for each root, performs + the deflation, optionally polishes the roots by the same Laguerre method - if you + are not going to polish in some other way - and finally sorts the roots by their real + parts. (We will use this routine in Chapter 13.) */ + +#define EPS 4.0e-15 /* TIMJ, was(float): 2.0e-6 */ +#define MAXM 100 +/* A small number, and maximum anticipated value of m. */ + +static void +zroots (GslComplex a[], int m, GslComplex roots[], int polish) + /* Given the degree m and the m+1 complex coefficients a[0..m] of the polynomial mi=0 a (i)xi, + this routine successively calls laguer and finds all m complex roots in roots[1..m]. The + boolean variable polish should be input as true (1) if polishing (also by Laguerre's method) + is desired, false (0) if the roots will be subsequently polished by other means. */ +{ + int i,its,j,jj; + GslComplex x,b,c,ad[MAXM]; + + for (j=0;j<=m;j++) ad[j]=a[j]; /* Copy of coefficients for successive deflation. */ + for (j=m;j>=1;j--) /* Loop over each root to be found. */ + { + x=gsl_complex (0.0,0.0); /* Start at zero to favor convergence to small- */ + laguer (ad,j,&x,&its); /* est remaining root, and find the root. */ + if (fabs (x.im) <= 2.0*EPS*fabs (x.re)) + x.im=0.0; + roots[j]=x; + b=ad[j]; /* Forward deflation. */ + for (jj=j-1;jj>=0;jj--) + { + c=ad[jj]; + ad[jj]=b; + b=gsl_complex_add (gsl_complex_mul (x,b),c); + } + } + if (polish) + for (j=1;j<=m;j++) /* Polish the roots using the undeflated coeffi- */ + laguer (a,m,&roots[j],&its); /* cients. */ + for (j=2;j<=m;j++) /* Sort roots by their real parts by straight insertion */ + { + x=roots[j]; + for (i=j-1;i>=1;i--) { + if (roots[i].re <= x.re) + break; + roots[i+1]=roots[i]; + } + roots[i+1]=x; + } +} + +#define ITMAX 20 /* At most ITMAX iterations. */ +#define TINY 2.0-15 /* TIMJ, was (float): 1.0e-6 */ + +static void +qroot (double p[], int n, double *b, double *c, double eps) + /* Given n+1 coefficients p[0..n] of a polynomial of degree n, and trial values for the coefficients + of a quadratic factor x*x+b*x+c, improve the solution until the coefficients b,c change by less + than eps. The routine poldiv �5.3 is used. */ +{ + int iter; + double sc,sb,s,rc,rb,r,dv,delc,delb; + double *q,*qq,*rem; + double d[3]; + + q=vector (0,n); + qq=vector (0,n); + rem=vector (0,n); + d[2]=1.0; + for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) + { + d[1]=(*b); + d[0]=(*c); + poldiv (p,n,d,2,q,rem); + s=rem[0]; /* First division r,s. */ + r=rem[1]; + poldiv (q,(n-1),d,2,qq,rem); + sb = -(*c)*(rc = -rem[1]); /* Second division partial r,s with respect to */ + rb = -(*b)*rc+(sc = -rem[0]); /* c. */ + dv=1.0/(sb*rc-sc*rb); /* Solve 2x2 equation. */ + delb=(r*sc-s*rc)*dv; + delc=(-r*sb+s*rb)*dv; + *b += (delb=(r*sc-s*rc)*dv); + *c += (delc=(-r*sb+s*rb)*dv); + if ((fabs (delb) <= eps*fabs (*b) || fabs (*b) < TINY) + && (fabs (delc) <= eps*fabs (*c) || fabs (*c) < TINY)) + { + free_vector (rem,0,n); /* Coefficients converged. */ + free_vector (qq,0,n); + free_vector (q,0,n); + return; + } + } + nrerror ("Too many iterations in routine qroot"); +} + +#define SNCNDN_CA 0.0003 /* The accuracy is the square of SNCNDN_CA. */ +static void +sncndn (double uu, double emmc, double *sn_p, double *cn_p, double *dn_p) + /* Returns the Jacobian elliptic functions sn(u, kc), cn(u, kc), and dn(u, kc). Here uu = u, while + emmc = k2c. */ +{ + double a,b,c,d,emc,u,sn,cn,dn; + double em[14],en[14]; + int i,ii,l,bo; + d=0; /* TIMJ: shutup compiler */ + + emc=emmc; + u=uu; + if (emc) { + bo=(emc < 0.0); + if (bo) { + d=1.0-emc; + emc /= -1.0/d; + u *= (d=sqrt(d)); + }a=1.0; + dn=1.0; + for (i=1;i<=13;i++) { + l=i; + em[i]=a; + en[i]=(emc=sqrt(emc)); + c=0.5*(a+emc); + if (fabs(a-emc) <= SNCNDN_CA*a) break; + emc *= a; + a=c; + }u *= c; + sn=sin(u); + cn=cos(u); + if (sn) { + a=cn/sn; + c *= a; + for (ii=l;ii>=1;ii--) { + b=em[ii]; + a *= c; + c *= dn; + dn=(en[ii]+a)/(b+a); + a=c/b; + }a=1.0/sqrt(c*c+1.0); + sn=(sn >= 0.0 ? a : -a); + cn=c*sn; + }if (bo) { + a=dn; + dn=cn; + cn=a; + sn /= d; + } + } else { + cn=1.0/cosh(u); + dn=cn; + sn=tanh(u); + } + if (sn_p) + *sn_p = sn; + if (cn_p) + *cn_p = cn; + if (dn_p) + *dn_p = dn; +} + +static void +sncndnC (GslComplex uu, GslComplex emmc, GslComplex *sn_p, GslComplex *cn_p, GslComplex *dn_p) +{ + GslComplex a,b,c,d,emc,u,sn,cn,dn; + GslComplex em[14],en[14]; + int i,ii,l,bo; + + emc=emmc; + u=uu; + if (emc.re || emc.im) /* gsl_complex_abs (emc)) */ + { + /* bo=gsl_complex_abs (emc) < 0.0; */ + bo=emc.re < 0.0; + if (bo) { + d=gsl_complex_sub (ONE, emc); + emc = gsl_complex_div (emc, gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex (-1.0, 0), d)); + d = gsl_complex_sqrt (d); + u = gsl_complex_mul (u, d); + } + a=ONE; dn=ONE; + for (i=1;i<=13;i++) { + l=i; + em[i]=a; + emc = gsl_complex_sqrt (emc); + en[i]=emc; + c = gsl_complex_mul (gsl_complex (0.5, 0), gsl_complex_add (a, emc)); + if (gsl_complex_abs (gsl_complex_sub (a, emc)) <= + gsl_complex_abs (gsl_complex_mul (gsl_complex (SNCNDN_CA, 0), a))) + break; + emc = gsl_complex_mul (emc, a); + a=c; + } + u = gsl_complex_mul (u, c); + sn = gsl_complex_sin (u); + cn = gsl_complex_cos (u); + if (sn.re) /* gsl_complex_abs (sn)) */ + { + a= gsl_complex_div (cn, sn); + c = gsl_complex_mul (c, a); + for (ii=l;ii>=1;ii--) { + b = em[ii]; + a = gsl_complex_mul (a, c); + c = gsl_complex_mul (c, dn); + dn = gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex_add (en[ii], a), gsl_complex_add (b, a)); + a = gsl_complex_div (c, b); + } + a = gsl_complex_div (ONE, gsl_complex_sqrt (gsl_complex_add (ONE, gsl_complex_mul (c, c)))); + if (sn.re >= 0.0) /* gsl_complex_arg (sn) >= 0.0) */ + sn = a; + else + { + sn.re = -a.re; + sn.im = a.im; + } + cn = gsl_complex_mul (c, sn); + } + if (bo) { + a=dn; + dn=cn; + cn=a; + sn = gsl_complex_div (sn, d); + } + } else { + cn=gsl_complex_div (ONE, gsl_complex_cosh (u)); + dn=cn; + sn=gsl_complex_tanh (u); + } + if (sn_p) + *sn_p = sn; + if (cn_p) + *cn_p = cn; + if (dn_p) + *dn_p = dn; +} + +#define RF_ERRTOL 0.0025 /* TIMJ, was(float): 0.08 */ +#define RF_TINY 2.2e-307 /* TIMJ, was(float): 1.5e-38 */ +#define RF_BIG 1.5e+307 /* TIMJ, was(float): 3.0e37 */ +#define RF_THIRD (1.0/3.0) +#define RF_C1 (1.0/24.0) +#define RF_C2 0.1 +#define RF_C3 (3.0/44.0) +#define RF_C4 (1.0/14.0) + +static double +rf (double x, double y, double z) + /* Computes Carlson's elliptic integral of the first kind, RF (x, y, z). x, y, and z must be nonneg- + ative, and at most one can be zero. RF_TINY must be at least 5 times the machine underflow limit, + RF_BIG at most one fifth the machine overflow limit. */ +{ + double alamb,ave,delx,dely,delz,e2,e3,sqrtx,sqrty,sqrtz,xt,yt,zt; + + if (1 /* TIMJ: add verbose checks */) + { + if (DMIN (DMIN (x, y), z) < 0.0) + nrerror ("rf: x,y,z have to be positive"); + if (DMIN (DMIN (x + y, x + z), y + z) < RF_TINY) + nrerror ("rf: only one of x,y,z may be 0"); + if (DMAX (DMAX (x, y), z) > RF_BIG) + nrerror ("rf: at least one of x,y,z is too big"); + } + if (DMIN(DMIN(x,y),z) < 0.0 || DMIN(DMIN(x+y,x+z),y+z) < RF_TINY || + DMAX(DMAX(x,y),z) > RF_BIG) + nrerror("invalid arguments in rf"); + xt=x; + yt=y; + zt=z; + do { + sqrtx=sqrt(xt); + sqrty=sqrt(yt); + sqrtz=sqrt(zt); + alamb=sqrtx*(sqrty+sqrtz)+sqrty*sqrtz; + xt=0.25*(xt+alamb); + yt=0.25*(yt+alamb); + zt=0.25*(zt+alamb); + ave=RF_THIRD*(xt+yt+zt); + delx=(ave-xt)/ave; + dely=(ave-yt)/ave; + delz=(ave-zt)/ave; + } while (DMAX(DMAX(fabs(delx),fabs(dely)),fabs(delz)) > RF_ERRTOL); + e2=delx*dely-delz*delz; + e3=delx*dely*delz; + return (1.0+(RF_C1*e2-RF_C2-RF_C3*e3)*e2+RF_C4*e3)/sqrt(ave); +} + +static GslComplex +rfC (GslComplex x, GslComplex y, GslComplex z) +{ + GslComplex alamb,ave,delx,dely,delz,e2,e3,sqrtx,sqrty,sqrtz,xt,yt,zt; + GslComplex RFC_C1 = {1.0/24.0, 0}, RFC_C2 = {0.1, 0}, RFC_C3 = {3.0/44.0, 0}, RFC_C4 = {1.0/14.0, 0}; + + if (DMIN (DMIN (gsl_complex_abs (x), gsl_complex_abs (y)), gsl_complex_abs (z)) < 0.0) + nrerror ("rf: x,y,z have to be positive"); + if (DMIN (DMIN (gsl_complex_abs (x) + gsl_complex_abs (y), gsl_complex_abs (x) + gsl_complex_abs (z)), + gsl_complex_abs (y) + gsl_complex_abs (z)) < RF_TINY) + nrerror ("rf: only one of x,y,z may be 0"); + if (DMAX (DMAX (gsl_complex_abs (x), gsl_complex_abs (y)), gsl_complex_abs (z)) > RF_BIG) + nrerror ("rf: at least one of x,y,z is too big"); + xt=x; + yt=y; + zt=z; + do { + sqrtx = gsl_complex_sqrt (xt); + sqrty = gsl_complex_sqrt (yt); + sqrtz = gsl_complex_sqrt (zt); + alamb = gsl_complex_add (gsl_complex_mul (sqrtx, gsl_complex_add (sqrty, sqrtz)), gsl_complex_mul (sqrty, sqrtz)); + xt = gsl_complex_mul (gsl_complex (0.25, 0), gsl_complex_add (xt, alamb)); + yt = gsl_complex_mul (gsl_complex (0.25, 0), gsl_complex_add (yt, alamb)); + zt = gsl_complex_mul (gsl_complex (0.25, 0), gsl_complex_add (zt, alamb)); + ave = gsl_complex_mul (gsl_complex (RF_THIRD, 0), gsl_complex_add3 (xt, yt, zt)); + delx = gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex_sub (ave, xt), ave); + dely = gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex_sub (ave, yt), ave); + delz = gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex_sub (ave, zt), ave); + /* } while (DMAX (DMAX (fabs (delx.re), fabs (dely.re)), fabs (delz.re)) > RF_ERRTOL); */ + } while (DMAX (DMAX (gsl_complex_abs (delx), gsl_complex_abs (dely)), gsl_complex_abs (delz)) > RF_ERRTOL); + e2 = gsl_complex_sub (gsl_complex_mul (delx, dely), gsl_complex_mul (delz, delz)); + e3 = gsl_complex_mul3 (delx, dely, delz); + return gsl_complex_div (gsl_complex_add3 (gsl_complex (1.0, 0), + gsl_complex_mul (e2, + gsl_complex_sub3 (gsl_complex_mul (RFC_C1, e2), + RFC_C2, + gsl_complex_mul (RFC_C3, e3))), + gsl_complex_mul (RFC_C4, e3)), + gsl_complex_sqrt (ave)); +} + + +static double +ellf (double phi, double ak) + /* Legendre elliptic integral of the 1st kind F(phi, k), evaluated using Carlson's function RF. + The argument ranges are 0 <= phi <= pi/2, 0 <= k*sin(phi) <= 1. */ +{ + double s=sin(phi); + return s*rf(DSQR(cos(phi)),(1.0-s*ak)*(1.0+s*ak),1.0); +} |