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<html>
<head>
<title> Linux Video Stream Processing Tool - Examples</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="keywords" content="DVD, digital video, DV, encoder, divx,
DivX;-), lame, source, posix, avifile, opendivx, codec, linux, AC3,
program stream, video, audio, transcode, decoder, stream, YV12">
</head>
<body bgcolor=#CDB5CD>
<a name=top></a>
<table cellspacing="10" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" width=30% bgcolor="#a0a0a0">
<table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="3" font size=+2 bgcolor="#ffffff" width=100%>
<td align="left" bgcolor="#e9e9e9"> <FONT
FACE="Lucida,Helvetica"> <font >VCD/(S)VCD/DVD</font>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#pmpeg"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica">
encoding to MPEG (PAL)</font></a><br>
<ul>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#pmpeg1"> <FONT
FACE="Lucida,Helvetica"> VCD </font></a>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#pvcd"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica">
(S)VCD</font></a>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#pdvd"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica">
DVD</font></a>
</ul>
<p>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#nmpeg"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica">
encoding to MPEG (NTSC)</font></a><br>
<ul>
<li><a href="mpeg.html#nmpeg1"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica"> VCD</font></a>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#nvcd"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica">
(S)VCD</font></a>
<li> <a href="mpeg.html#ndvd"> <FONT FACE="Lucida,Helvetica">
DVD</font></a>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</table>
<a name=pmpeg></a>
<table cellspacing="10" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" width=30% bgcolor="#a0a0a0">
<table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="3" font size=+2 bgcolor="#ffffff" width=100%>
<td align="left" bgcolor="#e9e9e9">
<font>encoding to MPEG (PAL)</font>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Notes:
<ul>
<li> [...] denote import/processing options.
<li> if the aspect ratio changes after resizing the video frame,
use "--export_asr code" to notify encoder. Possible aspect
ratio codes are: 1=1:1, 2=4:3, 3=16:9, 4=2.21:1.
<li> muliplex add-on audio track with "-s filename". <i>tcmplex</i>
supports 1 video and 2 audio tracks.
<li> enable <i>sox</i> re-sampling filter with "-J resample"
(optional) instead of export modules resampling feature.
<li> for encoding with <i>mjpeg-tools</i>, the use of <i>mplex</i> is
recommended.
<li> Use <i>tcmplex</i> option "-D" to adjust a possible AV mismatch.
</ul>
<a name=pmpeg1><h3>VCD (352x288)</h3></a>
Video CD's have a restricted format for audio (MP2, 44100 Hz,
224 kBits/s, stereo) and video (MPEG-1, 352x288, 1152 kBits/s CBR) parameter.
The preset profiles take care of the VCD2.0 specification.
<ul>
<li> bbmpeg port to linux: <font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F v,1 -E 44100 -b 224 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.mpg -i test.m1v -p test.mpa -m v</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
Replace "-F v,1" by "-F v" if you prefer resizing handled
by transcode. Example: reduce 720x576 to
352x288 with "-B 18,23,16".<br><br>
<li> mjpeg-tools interface:
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg2enc,mp2enc -F 1 -Z 352x288 -E 44100 -b 224 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
mplex -f 1 -S 680 -o test.mpg test.m1v test.mpa
</tr>
</table>
<p>
Replace "-Z 352x288" by "-B" if you prefer the fast resizing mode
by transcode. Example: reduce 720x576 to
352x288 with "-B 18,23,16".<br><br>
</ul>
<a name=pvcd><h3>(S)VCD (480x576)</h3></a>
Super Video CD's have a less restricted format for audio (MP2, 44100 Hz,
32-384 kBits/s, stereo) and video (MPEG-2, 480x576, up to 2600
kBits/s VBR) parameter.
The preset profiles take care of the SVCD2.0 specification.
<ul>
<li> bbmpeg port to linux:
You may try to increase th bitrate for higher quality (X)SVCD.
Most consumer DVD/(S)VCD player can cope with that.
This is done with a profile file <i>xsvcd.prof</i>, which contains the
following entries:<p>
<code>
#(S)VCD profile for improved quality<br>
fixed_vbv_delay = 1 <br>
vbv_buffer_size = 230<br>
cbr = 1<br>
cbr_bitrate = 4000000.0<br>
quant_value = 2<br>
qscale_type = 0<br>
vbr_mux = 0<br>
video_buf_size = 230<br>
use_comp_bitrate = 1<br>
</code>
<p>
and will bump up the bitrate to 4000 kbps. The additional
profile parameter are passed with the file name as a 3rd argument to "-F".
<br>
<font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F s,3,xsvcd.prof -E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.mpg -i test.m2v -p test.mpa -m s</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> mjpeg-tools interface:
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg2enc,mp2enc -F 4 -Z 480x576 -E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
Replace "-Z 480x576" by <i>transcode</i>'s fast resizing
option "-B" for speed improvements. Example: reduce 720x576 to
480x576 with "-B 0,15,16".
<br>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
mplex -f 4 -S 680 -o test.mpg test.m2v test.mpa
</tr>
</table>
</ul>
<a name=pdvd><h3>DVD compliant format</h3></a>
Possible frame parameter combination: 720x576, 704x576, 352x576 and 352x288.<br>
For a video frame size of 352x288, resizing can be delegated to the
export module with "-F d,1", all other values require use of transcode's
resize options.
<ul>
<li> bbmpeg port to linux:
<ul><br>
<li> MP2 audio:<font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F d -E 44100 -b 224 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.vob -i test.m2v -p test.mpa -m d</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> MP3 audio: <font color=red><bf>fixed in 0.6.0rc2</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg,raw -F d -m test.mp3</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.vob -i test.m2v -p test.mp3 -m d</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> AC3 pass-through:<br>
In most cases, you will need to reduce the bitrate for
encoding. This is done with a profile file <i>dvd.prof</i>, which contains the
following entry:<p>
<code>
#DVD profile with reduced bitrate <br>
max_bitrate=4000000.0
</code>
<p>
and will reduce the bitrate to 4000 kbps. The
profile name is passed as a 3rd argument to "-F".
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg,raw -F d,,dvd.prof -m test.ac3 -A -0x2000</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.vob -i test.m2v -p test.ac3 -m d</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> PCM audio: (not yet supported by <i>tcmplex</i>)
</ul>
</ul>
</table>
</table>
<a name=nmpeg></a>
<table cellspacing="10" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" width=30% bgcolor="#a0a0a0">
<table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="3" font size=+2 bgcolor="#ffffff" width=100%>
<td align="left" bgcolor="#e9e9e9">
<font>encoding to MPEG (NTSC)</font>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
For NTSC material, transcode currently generates film mode, i.e., 23.976 fps
(progressive) for most NTSC DVD sources.
For generating NTSC MPEG video, the final result should be played at
29.97 fps. Therefore the encoder must set the appropriate
flags to force a decoder/player to generate a 3:2 pulldown
(telecine) on demand.
Transcode offers a long option "--pulldown" to encode to MPEG
video with the appropriate flags set and switching the display rate
from 23.976 to 29.97 fps.
<br>
<p>
Notes:
<ul>
<li> [...] denote import/processing options.
<li> if the aspect ratio changes after resizing the video frame,
use "--export_asr code" to notify encoder. Possible aspect
ratio codes are: 1=1:1, 2=4:3, 3=16:9, 4=2.21:1.
<li> 3:2 pulldown flags must be enabled with long option "--pulldown"
<li> muliplex add-on audio track with "-s filename". <i>tcmplex</i>
supports 1 video and 2 audio tracks.
<li> enable <i>sox</i> re-sampling filter with "-J resample"
(optional) instead of export modules resampling feature.
<li> for encoding with <i>mjpeg-tools</i>, the use of <i>mplex</i> is
recommended.
<li> Use <i>tcmplex</i> option "-D" to adjust a possible AV mismatch.
</ul>
<a name=nmpeg1><h3>VCD (352x240)</h3></a>
Video CD's have a restricted format for audio (MP2, 44100 Hz,
224 kBits/s, stereo) and video (MPEG-1, 352x240, 1152 kBits/s CBR) parameter.
The preset profiles take care of the VCD2.0 specification.
<ul>
<li> bbmpeg port to linux: <font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<ul> <br>
<li> NTSC film encoded @ 23.976 -> VCD @ 23.976 film mode:
<li> NTSC video encoded @ 29.97 -> VCD @ 29.97 video mode:
<br>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F v,4 -E 44100 -b 224 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.mpg -i test.m1v -p test.mpa -m v</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
</ul>
<p>
<li> mjpeg-tools interface:
<ul> <br>
<li> NTSC video encoded @ 29.97 -> VCD @ 29.97 video mode:
<li> NTSC film encoded @ 23.976 -> VCD @ 23.976
film mode:
<br>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg2enc,mp2enc -F 1
-Z 352x240 -E 44100 -b 224 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
mplex -f 1 -S 680 -o test.mpg test.m1v test.mpa</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
</ul>
<p>
Replace "-Z 352x240" by <i>transcode</i>'s fast resizing
option "-B" for speed improvements. Example: reduce 720x480 to
352x240 with "-B 15,23,16".<br>
</ul>
<p>
<a name=nvcd><h3>(S)VCD (480x480)</h3></a>
Super Video CD's have a less restricted format for audio (MP2, 44100 Hz,
32-384 kBits/s, stereo) and video (MPEG-2, 480x480, up to 2600
kBits/s VBR) parameter.
The preset profiles take care of the SVCD2.0 specification.
The default profile bitrate is 2376 kbps.
<ul>
<li> bbmpeg port to linux:<font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<br>
<ul><br>
<li> NTSC film encoded @ 23.976 -> (S)VCD @ 23.976 film mode:
<li> NTSC video encoded @ 29.97 -> (S)VCD @ 29.97 video mode:
<br>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F s,2 -E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> DVD film encoded @ 23.976 --> (S)VCD @ 29.97 with 3:2 pulldown flags enabled:<br>
You may try to increase the bitrate for higher quality (X)VCD.
Most consumer DVD/(S)VCD player can cope with that.
This is done with a profile file <i>xsvcd.prof</i>, which contains the
following entries:<p>
<code>
#(S)VCD profile for improved quality<br>
fixed_vbv_delay = 1 <br>
vbv_buffer_size = 230<br>
cbr = 1<br>
cbr_bitrate = 4000000.0<br>
quant_value = 2<br>
qscale_type = 0<br>
vbr_mux = 0<br>
video_buf_size = 230<br>
use_comp_bitrate = 1<br>
</code>
<p>
and will bump up the bitrate to 4000 kbps. The additional
profile parameter are passed with the file name as a 3rd argument to "-F".
<br>
<font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F s,2,xsvcd.prof --pulldown -E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
</ul>
<br>
Multiplexing the files:
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.mpg -i test.m2v -p test.mpa -m s</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<li> mjpeg-tools interface:
<br>
<ul><br>
<li> NTSC film encoded @ 23.976 -> (S)VCD @ 23.976 film mode:
<li> NTSC video encoded @ 29.97 -> (S)VCD @ 29.97 video mode:
<br>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg2enc,mp2enc -F 4 -Z 480x480
-E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
You may try to increase the bitrate for higher quality (X)VCD.
Most consumer DVD/(S)VCD player can cope with that. You can
pass more options to "mpeg2enc" as a 2nd argument to "-F". In this
case you must use profile "-F 5".
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg2enc,mp2enc -F 5,"-b 4000" -Z 480x480 -E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
</ul>
<p>
Replace "-Z 480x480" by <i>transcode</i>'s fast resizing
option "-B" for speed improvements. Example: reduce 720x480 to
480x480 with "-B 0,15,16".
<br>
Multiplexing the files:
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
mplex -f 4 -S 680 -o test.mpg test.m2v test.mpa</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br> or for "-F 5" profile with increased bitrate
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
mplex -f 5 -S 680 -o test.mpg test.m2v test.mpa</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
See the <i>mplex</i> manpage for more options.
</ul>
<br>
<a name=ndvd><h3>DVD compliant format</h3></a>
Possible frame parameter combination: 720x480, 704x480, 352x480 and 352x240.<br>
For a video frame size of 352x240, resizing can be delegated to the
export module with "-F d,4", but this frame size is currently broken
in the exncoder, all other
values require use of transcode's resize options. The profile default
bitrate is 9800 kbps.
<ul>
<li> bbmpeg port to linux:
<ul> <br>
<li> NTSC film encoded @ 23.976 -> DVD @ 23.976 film mode:
<li> NTSC video encoded @ 29.97 -> DVD @ 29.97 video mode:
<br>
<ul><br>
<li> MP2 audio:<font color=red><bf>audio
downsampling reported BROKEN! Additionally use "-J resample".</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg -F d -E 44100 -b 128 -o test</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.vob -i test.m2v -p test.mpa -m d</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> MP3 audio:<font color=red><bf>fixed in 0.6.0rc2</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg,raw -F d -m test.mp3</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
tcmplex -o test.vob -i test.m2v -p test.mp3 -m d</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<li> PCM audio: (not yet supported by <i>tcmplex</i>)
</ul>
<p>
<li> DVD film encoded @ 23.976 --> DVD @ 29.97 with 3:2 pulldown flags enabled:<br>
In most cases, you will also wish to reduce the bitrate for
encoding. This is done with a profile file <i>dvd.prof</i>, which contains the
following entry:<p>
<code>
#DVD profile with reduced bitrate <br>
max_bitrate=4000000.0
</code>
<p>
and will reduce the bitrate to 4000 kbps. The
profile name is passed as a 3rd argument to "-F".
<ul><br>
<li> AC3 pass-through:
<table>
<tr>
<td align=left valign="top" bgcolor="#ccffcc">
transcode [...] -V -y mpeg,raw -F d,,dvd.prof --pulldown -m test.ac3 -A -0x2000</td>
</tr>
</table>
</ul>
</ul>
</table>
</table>
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Last modified: Tue Jun 18 12:57:25 CEST 2002
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