1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<!-- /home/espenr/tmp/qt-3.3.8-espenr-2499/qt-x11-free-3.3.8/examples/tictac/tictac.doc:4 -->
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Tic Tac Toe</title>
<style type="text/css"><!--
fn { margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; }
a:link { color: #004faf; text-decoration: none }
a:visited { color: #672967; text-decoration: none }
body { background: #ffffff; color: black; }
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#E5E5E5">
<td valign=center>
<a href="index.html">
<font color="#004faf">Home</font></a>
| <a href="classes.html">
<font color="#004faf">All Classes</font></a>
| <a href="mainclasses.html">
<font color="#004faf">Main Classes</font></a>
| <a href="annotated.html">
<font color="#004faf">Annotated</font></a>
| <a href="groups.html">
<font color="#004faf">Grouped Classes</font></a>
| <a href="functions.html">
<font color="#004faf">Functions</font></a>
</td>
<td align="right" valign="center"><img src="logo32.png" align="right" width="64" height="32" border="0"></td></tr></table><h1 align=center>Tic Tac Toe</h1>
<p>
This is an implementation of the Tic-tac-toe game.
<p> We didn't put much effort in making a clever algorithm so it's not a
challenge to play against the computer. Instead, study the source code
to see how you can make reusable components such as the <em>TicTacGameBoard</em>
widget.
<p> <hr>
<p> Header file:
<p> <pre>/****************************************************************************
** $Id: qt/tictac.h 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $
**
** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved.
**
** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example
** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation.
**
*****************************************************************************/
#ifndef TICTAC_H
#define TICTAC_H
#include <<a href="qpushbutton-h.html">ntqpushbutton.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qptrvector-h.html">ntqptrvector.h</a>>
class TQComboBox;
class TQLabel;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacButton implements a single tic-tac-toe button
//
class TicTacButton : public <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>
{
<a href="metaobjects.html#Q_OBJECT">Q_OBJECT</a>
public:
TicTacButton( <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *parent );
enum Type { Blank, Circle, Cross };
Type type() const { return t; }
void setType( Type type ) { t = type; repaint(); }
<a href="ntqsizepolicy.html">TQSizePolicy</a> sizePolicy() const
{ return TQSizePolicy( TQSizePolicy::Preferred, TQSizePolicy::Preferred ); }
<a href="ntqsize.html">TQSize</a> sizeHint() const { return TQSize( 32, 32 ); }
<a href="ntqsize.html">TQSize</a> minimumSizeHint() const { return TQSize( 10, 10 ); }
protected:
void drawButtonLabel( <a href="ntqpainter.html">TQPainter</a> * );
private:
Type t;
};
// Using template vector to make vector-class of TicTacButton.
// This vector is used by the TicTacGameBoard class defined below.
typedef TQPtrVector<TicTacButton> TicTacButtons;
typedef TQMemArray<int> TicTacArray;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard implements the tic-tac-toe game board.
// TicTacGameBoard is a composite widget that contains N x N TicTacButtons.
// N is specified in the constructor.
//
class TicTacGameBoard : public <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
TicTacGameBoard( int n, TQWidget *parent=0, const char *name=0 );
~TicTacGameBoard();
enum State { Init, HumansTurn, HumanWon, ComputerWon, NobodyWon };
State state() const { return st; }
void computerStarts( bool v );
void newGame();
signals:
void finished(); // game finished
private slots:
void buttonClicked();
private:
void setState( State state ) { st = state; }
void updateButtons();
int checkBoard( TicTacArray * );
void computerMove();
State st;
int nBoard;
bool comp_starts;
TicTacArray *btArray;
TicTacButtons *buttons;
};
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacToe implements the complete game.
// TicTacToe is a composite widget that contains a TicTacGameBoard and
// two push buttons for starting the game and quitting.
//
class TicTacToe : public <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
TicTacToe( int boardSize=3, TQWidget *parent=0, const char *name=0 );
private slots:
void newGameClicked();
void gameOver();
private:
void newState();
<a href="ntqcombobox.html">TQComboBox</a> *whoStarts;
<a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *newGame;
<a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *quit;
<a href="ntqlabel.html">TQLabel</a> *message;
TicTacGameBoard *board;
};
#endif // TICTAC_H
</pre>
<p> <hr>
<p> Implementation:
<p> <pre>/****************************************************************************
** $Id: qt/tictac.cpp 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $
**
** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved.
**
** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example
** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation.
**
*****************************************************************************/
#include "tictac.h"
#include <<a href="qapplication-h.html">ntqapplication.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qpainter-h.html">ntqpainter.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qdrawutil-h.html">ntqdrawutil.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qcombobox-h.html">ntqcombobox.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qcheckbox-h.html">ntqcheckbox.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qlabel-h.html">ntqlabel.h</a>>
#include <<a href="qlayout-h.html">ntqlayout.h</a>>
#include <stdlib.h> // rand() function
#include <<a href="qdatetime-h.html">ntqdatetime.h</a>> // seed for rand()
//***************************************************************************
//* TicTacButton member functions
//***************************************************************************
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Creates a TicTacButton
//
<a name="f188"></a>TicTacButton::TicTacButton( <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *parent ) : <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( parent )
{
t = Blank; // initial type
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Paints TicTacButton
//
<a name="x31"></a>void TicTacButton::<a href="ntqbutton.html#drawButtonLabel">drawButtonLabel</a>( <a href="ntqpainter.html">TQPainter</a> *p )
{
<a href="ntqrect.html">TQRect</a> r = <a href="ntqwidget.html#rect">rect</a>();
p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#setPen">setPen</a>( TQPen( white,2 ) ); // set fat pen
if ( t == Circle ) {
<a name="x36"></a><a name="x35"></a><a name="x28"></a> p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#drawEllipse">drawEllipse</a>( r.<a href="ntqrect.html#left">left</a>()+4, r.<a href="ntqrect.html#top">top</a>()+4, r.<a href="ntqrect.html#width">width</a>()-8, r.<a href="ntqrect.html#height">height</a>()-8 );
} else if ( t == Cross ) { // draw cross
<a name="x37"></a><a name="x33"></a> p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#drawLine">drawLine</a>( r.<a href="ntqrect.html#topLeft">topLeft</a>() +TQPoint(4,4), r.<a href="ntqrect.html#bottomRight">bottomRight</a>()-TQPoint(4,4));
<a name="x38"></a><a name="x32"></a> p-><a href="ntqpainter.html#drawLine">drawLine</a>( r.<a href="ntqrect.html#bottomLeft">bottomLeft</a>()+TQPoint(4,-4),r.<a href="ntqrect.html#topRight">topRight</a>() -TQPoint(4,-4));
}
}
//***************************************************************************
//* TicTacGameBoard member functions
//***************************************************************************
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Creates a game board with N x N buttons and connects the "clicked()"
// signal of all buttons to the "buttonClicked()" slot.
//
<a name="f189"></a>TicTacGameBoard::TicTacGameBoard( int n, TQWidget *parent, const char *name )
: <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>( parent, name )
{
st = Init; // initial state
nBoard = n;
n *= n; // make square
comp_starts = FALSE; // human starts
buttons = new TicTacButtons(n); // create real buttons
btArray = new TicTacArray(n); // create button model
<a href="qgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a> * grid = new <a href="qgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a>( this, nBoard, nBoard, 4 );
<a href="ntqpalette.html">TQPalette</a> p( blue );
for ( int i=0; i<n; i++ ) { // create and connect buttons
TicTacButton *ttb = new TicTacButton( this );
<a name="x45"></a> ttb-><a href="ntqwidget.html#setPalette">setPalette</a>( p );
ttb-><a href="ntqwidget.html#setEnabled">setEnabled</a>( FALSE );
<a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( ttb, SIGNAL(<a href="ntqbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), SLOT(buttonClicked()) );
grid-><a href="qgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( ttb, i%nBoard, i/nBoard );
buttons->insert( i, ttb );
btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Blank; // initial button type
}
<a name="x40"></a> <a href="qtime.html">TQTime</a> t = TQTime::<a href="qtime.html#currentTime">currentTime</a>(); // set random seed
<a name="x43"></a><a name="x42"></a><a name="x41"></a> srand( t.<a href="qtime.html#hour">hour</a>()*12+t.<a href="qtime.html#minute">minute</a>()*60+t.<a href="qtime.html#second">second</a>()*60 );
}
TicTacGameBoard::~TicTacGameBoard()
{
delete buttons;
delete btArray;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard::computerStarts( bool v )
//
// Computer starts if v=TRUE. The human starts by default.
//
void <a name="f190"></a>TicTacGameBoard::computerStarts( bool v )
{
comp_starts = v;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard::newGame()
//
// Clears the game board and prepares for a new game
//
void <a name="f191"></a>TicTacGameBoard::newGame()
{
st = HumansTurn;
for ( int i=0; i<nBoard*nBoard; i++ )
btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Blank;
if ( comp_starts )
computerMove();
else
updateButtons();
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard::buttonClicked() - SLOT
//
// This slot is activated when a TicTacButton emits the signal "clicked()",
// i.e. the user has clicked on a TicTacButton.
//
void <a name="f192"></a>TicTacGameBoard::buttonClicked()
{
if ( st != HumansTurn ) // not ready
return;
int i = buttons->findRef( (TicTacButton*)<a href="ntqobject.html#sender">sender</a>() );
TicTacButton *b = buttons->at(i); // get piece that was pressed
if ( b->type() == TicTacButton::Blank ) { // empty piece?
btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Circle;
updateButtons();
if ( checkBoard( btArray ) == 0 ) // not a winning move?
computerMove();
int s = checkBoard( btArray );
if ( s ) { // any winners yet?
st = s == TicTacButton::Circle ? HumanWon : ComputerWon;
emit finished();
}
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard::updateButtons()
//
// Updates all buttons that have changed state
//
void <a name="f193"></a>TicTacGameBoard::updateButtons()
{
for ( int i=0; i<nBoard*nBoard; i++ ) {
if ( buttons->at(i)->type() != btArray->at(i) )
buttons->at(i)->setType( (TicTacButton::Type)btArray->at(i) );
buttons->at(i)->setEnabled( buttons->at(i)->type() ==
TicTacButton::Blank );
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard::checkBoard()
//
// Checks if one of the players won the game, works for any board size.
//
// Returns:
// - TicTacButton::Cross if the player with X buttons won
// - TicTacButton::Circle if the player with O buttons won
// - Zero (0) if there is no winner yet
//
int <a name="f194"></a>TicTacGameBoard::checkBoard( TicTacArray *a )
{
int t = 0;
int row, col;
bool won = FALSE;
for ( row=0; row<nBoard && !won; row++ ) { // check horizontal
t = a->at(row*nBoard);
if ( t == TicTacButton::Blank )
continue;
col = 1;
while ( col<nBoard && a->at(row*nBoard+col) == t )
col++;
if ( col == nBoard )
won = TRUE;
}
for ( col=0; col<nBoard && !won; col++ ) { // check vertical
t = a->at(col);
if ( t == TicTacButton::Blank )
continue;
row = 1;
while ( row<nBoard && a->at(row*nBoard+col) == t )
row++;
if ( row == nBoard )
won = TRUE;
}
if ( !won ) { // check diagonal top left
t = a->at(0); // to bottom right
if ( t != TicTacButton::Blank ) {
int i = 1;
while ( i<nBoard && a->at(i*nBoard+i) == t )
i++;
if ( i == nBoard )
won = TRUE;
}
}
if ( !won ) { // check diagonal bottom left
int j = nBoard-1; // to top right
int i = 0;
t = a->at(i+j*nBoard);
if ( t != TicTacButton::Blank ) {
i++; j--;
while ( i<nBoard && a->at(i+j*nBoard) == t ) {
i++; j--;
}
if ( i == nBoard )
won = TRUE;
}
}
if ( !won ) // no winner
t = 0;
return t;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacGameBoard::computerMove()
//
// Puts a piece on the game board. Very, very simple.
//
void <a name="f195"></a>TicTacGameBoard::computerMove()
{
int numButtons = nBoard*nBoard;
int *altv = new int[numButtons]; // buttons alternatives
int altc = 0;
int stopHuman = -1;
TicTacArray a = btArray->copy();
int i;
for ( i=0; i<numButtons; i++ ) { // try all positions
if ( a[i] != TicTacButton::Blank ) // already a piece there
continue;
a[i] = TicTacButton::Cross; // test if computer wins
if ( checkBoard(&a) == a[i] ) { // computer will win
st = ComputerWon;
stopHuman = -1;
break;
}
a[i] = TicTacButton::Circle; // test if human wins
if ( checkBoard(&a) == a[i] ) { // oops...
stopHuman = i; // remember position
a[i] = TicTacButton::Blank; // restore button
continue; // computer still might win
}
a[i] = TicTacButton::Blank; // restore button
altv[altc++] = i; // remember alternative
}
if ( stopHuman >= 0 ) // must stop human from winning
a[stopHuman] = TicTacButton::Cross;
else if ( i == numButtons ) { // tried all alternatives
if ( altc > 0 ) // set random piece
a[altv[rand()%(altc--)]] = TicTacButton::Cross;
if ( altc == 0 ) { // no more blanks
st = NobodyWon;
emit finished();
}
}
*btArray = a; // update model
updateButtons(); // update buttons
delete[] altv;
}
//***************************************************************************
//* TicTacToe member functions
//***************************************************************************
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Creates a game widget with a game board and two push buttons, and connects
// signals of child widgets to slots.
//
<a name="f196"></a>TicTacToe::TicTacToe( int boardSize, TQWidget *parent, const char *name )
: <a href="ntqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>( parent, name )
{
<a href="qvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a> * l = new <a href="qvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a>( this, 6 );
// Create a message label
message = new <a href="ntqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( this );
<a name="x24"></a> message-><a href="ntqframe.html#setFrameStyle">setFrameStyle</a>( TQFrame::WinPanel | TQFrame::Sunken );
message-><a href="ntqlabel.html#setAlignment">setAlignment</a>( AlignCenter );
l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( message );
// Create the game board and connect the signal finished() to this
// gameOver() slot
board = new TicTacGameBoard( boardSize, this );
<a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( board, SIGNAL(finished()), SLOT(gameOver()) );
l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( board );
// Create a horizontal frame line
<a href="ntqframe.html">TQFrame</a> *line = new <a href="ntqframe.html">TQFrame</a>( this );
line-><a href="ntqframe.html#setFrameStyle">setFrameStyle</a>( TQFrame::HLine | TQFrame::Sunken );
l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( line );
// Create the combo box for deciding who should start, and
// connect its clicked() signals to the buttonClicked() slot
whoStarts = new <a href="ntqcombobox.html">TQComboBox</a>( this );
<a name="x23"></a> whoStarts-><a href="ntqcombobox.html#insertItem">insertItem</a>( "Computer starts" );
whoStarts-><a href="ntqcombobox.html#insertItem">insertItem</a>( "Human starts" );
l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( whoStarts );
// Create the push buttons and connect their clicked() signals
// to this right slots.
newGame = new <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Play!", this );
<a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( newGame, SIGNAL(<a href="ntqbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), SLOT(newGameClicked()) );
quit = new <a href="ntqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Quit", this );
<a href="ntqobject.html#connect">connect</a>( quit, SIGNAL(<a href="ntqbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), qApp, SLOT(<a href="ntqapplication.html#quit">quit</a>()) );
<a href="qhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a> * b = new <a href="qhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a>;
<a name="x19"></a> l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addLayout">addLayout</a>( b );
b-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( newGame );
b-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( quit );
newState();
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacToe::newGameClicked() - SLOT
//
// This slot is activated when the new game button is clicked.
//
void <a name="f197"></a>TicTacToe::newGameClicked()
{
<a name="x22"></a> board->computerStarts( whoStarts-><a href="ntqcombobox.html#currentItem">currentItem</a>() == 0 );
board->newGame();
newState();
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// TicTacToe::gameOver() - SLOT
//
// This slot is activated when the TicTacGameBoard emits the signal
// "finished()", i.e. when a player has won or when it is a draw.
//
void <a name="f198"></a>TicTacToe::gameOver()
{
newState(); // update text box
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Updates the message to reflect a new state.
//
void <a name="f199"></a>TicTacToe::newState()
{
static const char *msg[] = { // TicTacGameBoard::State texts
"Click Play to start", "Make your move",
"You won!", "Computer won!", "It's a draw" };
message-><a href="ntqlabel.html#setText">setText</a>( msg[board->state()] );
return;
}
</pre>
<p> <hr>
<p> Main:
<p> <pre>/****************************************************************************
** $Id: qt/main.cpp 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $
**
** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved.
**
** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example
** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation.
**
*****************************************************************************/
#include <<a href="qapplication-h.html">ntqapplication.h</a>>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "tictac.h"
int main( int argc, char **argv )
{
<a href="ntqapplication.html">TQApplication</a> a( argc, argv );
int n = 3;
if ( argc == 2 ) // get board size n
n = atoi(argv[1]);
if ( n < 3 || n > 10 ) { // out of range
<a href="ntqapplication.html#qWarning">qWarning</a>( "%s: Board size must be from 3x3 to 10x10", argv[0] );
return 1;
}
TicTacToe ttt( n ); // create game
a.<a href="ntqapplication.html#setMainWidget">setMainWidget</a>( &ttt );
ttt.<a href="ntqwidget.html#setCaption">setCaption</a>("TQt Example - TicTac");
ttt.<a href="ntqwidget.html#show">show</a>(); // show widget
return a.<a href="ntqapplication.html#exec">exec</a>(); // go
}
</pre>
<p>See also <a href="examples.html">Examples</a>.
<!-- eof -->
<p><address><hr><div align=center>
<table width=100% cellspacing=0 border=0><tr>
<td>Copyright © 2007
<a href="troll.html">Trolltech</a><td align=center><a href="trademarks.html">Trademarks</a>
<td align=right><div align=right>TQt 3.3.8</div>
</table></div></address></body>
</html>
|
